Immune+System


 * Immune System [Ryan]**

The immune system is the body system that fights off infection and pathogens using cell like white blood cells: (Nowicki 945-946) Proteins: ( Nowicki 947)
 * Phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens
 * T cells destroy infected cells
 * B cell produce antibodies
 * Antibodies make pathogen ineffective
 * interferons prevent viruses from infecting healthy cells



// (﻿﻿ HumanImmuneSystem) // Know your enemies: (//1211626994_virus) // (//Bacteria_2) // There are other tissues that help immune system defend against virus and pathogen which is a specific microscope organism that caused disease (Nowicki 941)  - Skin act as a physical barrier   - Mucous membranes trap pathogen that enter the body  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;"> - Circulatory system transport immune system around the body <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px; text-align: left;">The immune system has many different response to pathogens and foreign cells: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Inflammation and fever is the body nonspecific immune response to push the pathogen out of the circulatory system and fight the pathogen. For more information( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Nowicki <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">950-951) For more information and animation about <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; line-height: 23px;">inflammation [|Check this out!] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - low fever increase the activity of white blood cells <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - high fever are dangerous (can cause brain damages, even death) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Specific immune response need antigens which are protein makers that help the immune system identify foreign cells or viruses. (Nowicki 951) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> There are 2 specific immune responses: ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Nowicki <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">952-953) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - Cellular immunity: use T cell to destroy infected body cell by attaching themselves to the infected cell and make them burst ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Nowicki <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;"> 952) (<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Nowicki 952) - Humoral immunity: use B cell to create antibodies which is a type of protein that make pathogen ineffective by binding to its membrane proteins (<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Nowicki 953) (<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Nowicki 953) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> Immune system sometime reject transplants of tissues and organs because they see these new parts as foreign cells so they make antibodies against the protein maker of theses foreign cell, this is call tissue rejection and is a result of an immune response ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Nowicki <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;"> 954) ===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> Vaccination help the immune system to prevent infection, not to cure thought ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Nowicki <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">956) === <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; margin-left: 94.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - Vaccine is a substance that help a person develop memory cells by stimulate an immune response so that you will not get sick if a real pathogen attack because the pathogen is weakened and unable to reproduce. ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Nowicki <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">956)
 * acteria : single-celled organisms that cause illness by releasing toxic to the host (Nowicki 942)
 * Viruses : strands of RNA or DNA that cause diseases surrounded by protein coats (Nowicki 942)

For animation of how vaccine work, [|Click this!]

=== <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 115%;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is very dangerous because they mainly infect and destroy the Immune system cells(white blood cells) and cause the person to be vulnerable again <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> st many threats. They attach themselves to T-cells, make them ineffective and use them as host to produce more HIV ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Nowicki <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">961) ===

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">For animation of HIV life cycle, [|Visit here]
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">

For more information on how HIV effect the world, [|Click here!]


Human Immunodeficiency Virus (<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">Nowicki 691)